Inside Replay Essentials.txt: Difference between revisions

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''Inside_Replay_Essentials.txt'' is a rewritten version of the original documentation and is used during development of the ''user ROM'' only. The FlashMode e.g. is not described at all.
''Inside_Replay_Essentials.txt'' is a rewritten version of the original documentation and is used during development of the ''RR ROM (enduser edition)'' only. The FlashMode e.g. is not described at all. Side effects are explained nevertheless.




<pre>
<pre>
This document explains in short the register setup of the Retro Replay original
cartridge in non-flash mode. Since other ROM banking setups rather than the ones
we use as an "environment" for the RR code are possible the document may lack or
appear biased. Please comment!


Someone (not at the Ma Baker conference) suggested that the freeze button
The entry to the ROM is the bank 0 reset vector ($8000 -> CBM80) just like on AR
can be pressed through a serial port that is connected to the accessory
hardware. (TODO: Check Atomic and Nordic out of curiosity)
connector.  
On RR hardware we _SHOULD_ initialise Bit 1, 2 and 6 of $DE01 to enable
Hardware-turn-off switch/jumper: This is absolutely unnecessary. After
the REU compatible memory mode, keep the freeze button working and disallow banking
setting bit 2 in $de00, the cartridge is completely switched off, and it is
of cart RAM other than from bank 0.
impossible to tell by software if there is a Retro Replay installed or not
(and I mean "impossible", because the hardware is completely tri-stated!).


Compatibility to the IDE64 controller: This is not necessary. That thing is
As a result any clone hardware emulating AR and RR hardware "seperately" in some
overpriced and crappy. Nobody can really use it. Demos and games have their
way should by default select to enable any accessory connector and of course the
own loaders that do not work with a harddrive, and there are simply not
REU compatible memory map. Clone devices such as the 1541u may choose to "ignore"
enough customers with such a harddrive to justify such a major change in
write accesses $de01 rendering it to a non-register effectively.
hard- and software. Period.
We hereby swear we will not use $de01 for setting reading back the current ROM bank!
--
(Note: $de01 is currently used for SilverSurfer detection but that needs fixing anyhow.)
** No further changes to the hardware will be made. This is nealry a
** non-profit project, I will not spend more time with it.
(unless you have a really good suggestion that increases the value by far!)


Therefore $de01 can safely be ignored on hardware implementations of the register
setup as described below.


General
Of course any address on the IO1 page at $deXX not being used by the control
-------
registers of either the cartridge, SilverSurfer or RR-Net needs to map to the
Retro Replay is a cartridge that is plugged to the 44-pin expansion slot of
internal cartridge RAM - not to the C64 RAM. This should be obvious though.
all known C-64 versions. Opening the computer is not necessary. It has been
successfully tested on C-64 models from 1983, 1984, the cost-reduced C-64
with the highly integrated PLA, the C-64 game system, and the SX-64. The
machines tested were all PAL machines. NTSC machines were tested by Jeri
Ellsworth. If used on a C128, the module will not force the computer to start
in C64 mode. It will only start if you enter "go64", or if you hold down the
C= key during startup, so you don't have to remove the cartridge for the C128
mode.
Essentially, Retro Replay is a revised Action Replay clone. There are a
number of advantages over the real Datel Action Replay, like a more secure
freeze-logic, added amount of ROM and RAM, compatibility to Commodore 1764
REU, and user-flashable ROM without need for additional equipment like Eprom-
programmers or erasers. Reading $de00 with the cartridge activated will not
crash the computer, as it does with the original Action Replay.
Retro Replay is software compatible with Action Replay, so you can use the
ROM image of your old cartridge on this new product. If you want to do this
legally, you have to be the owner of a real Action Replay. There is no
license aggreement with Datel, because talking to them seems like an
impossible mission. They simply ignored our efforts to contact them.
However, there are free images on the internet that are placed in the public
domain, so nobody really depends on Datel. Check www.ar.c64.org.
The board has the same shape as the original Action Cartridge, so you can put
it in the same case, or leave it without a case at all.


All of the above will additionally allow distinguishing between real RR hardware
and clones since simply reading back our initialisation value from startup from
RAM bank 0 of the cartridge should reveal wether the $de01 register is available
or not.


Theory of operation
There are side effects of course: Dropping the "AllowBank" bit on clone hardware
-------------------
adds a little incompatibility but at least the RR team never found it to be a useful
After switching on, the cartridge is a simple ROM module. The $de00 and $de01
feature. (Check with Graham required)
registers are active, and the memory map of the cartridge is standard, not
RAM AllowBank usage would fragment RAM on banks 2 and above and in regards of using
freeze (see further down).
it continously for e.g. storing source codes and alike it would be a bad idea to use.
The Freezer is essentially made up of two RS-Flipflops, as with all freezer-
 
 
 
This leaves us with just one register at $de00 set to $00 on reset/powerup
which works like this on WRITE:
 
bit 7 - ROM bank selector (A15)
bit 6 - Restores memory map after freeze, GAME and EXROM "reset"
      - no function when not in freeze mode
bit 5 - 0 = ROM and 1 = RAM
bit 4 - ROM bank selector (A14)
bit 3 - ROM bank selector (A13)
bit 2 - 1 = cartridge kill
bit 1 - 1 = /EXROM high  (0 = "assert" and 1 = "de-assert")
bit 0 - 1 = /GAME  low  (1 = "assert" and 0 = "de-assert")
 
 
Reading $de00 should result in:
bit 7 - ROM bank selector (A15)
bit 6 - initialised with 1 by RR software (REU compat memory map)
      - clones should always return 1
bit 5 - 0 since no flash
      - clones should always return 1
bit 4 - ROM bank selector (A14)
bit 3 - ROM bank selector (A13)
bit 2 - 1 when freeze button is pressed and 0 otherwise
bit 1 - initialised with 0 by RR software (AllowBank)
      - clones should always return 0
bit 0 - 0 = no flash
 
 
List me: ROM can be mapped to $8000, $a000 or $e000 with the corresponding
status on GAME and EXROM.
 
On freeze bank 0 is activated at $e000 so the NMI of bank 0 is leading the
freeze code further. Make sure to pass by the return code which on current
RR needs to be aligned to a kernel RTS. :)
 
During freeze mode the RR hardware is keeping control over GAME and EXROM and
ignores any write accesses until bit 6 is set. On setting bit 6 of $de00 the
standard memory map will instantly be restored and GAME/EXROM can be used again.
 
Freeze mode allows ROM banks to be mapped by $de00 as before but of course they
are mapped to $e000. RAM can only be on the free IO1 area.
 
 
 
Last words for the easy minded - the ultimate weapon against a freezer is the
perfectly aligned stack pointer! :)
Code cannot be frozen properly whenever the stack does not at least have XXX
(TODO: add numbers from several carts here) bytes left for storing stuff during
the switch from Ultimax to sanity.
</pre>
 
 
Please ignore the text below - need it for some testing:
{{quote|The Freezer is essentially made up of two RS-Flipflops, as with all freezer-
cartridges. However, the Retro Replay has much more sophisticated conditions
cartridges. However, the Retro Replay has much more sophisticated conditions
for setting and resetting them. Let's call the two Flipflops "Freeze Pending"
for setting and resetting them. Let's call the two Flipflops "Freeze Pending"
Line 71: Line 109:
memory map is set, replacing the original C-64 Kernal IRQ/NMI with the
memory map is set, replacing the original C-64 Kernal IRQ/NMI with the
vectors of the Retro Replay cartridge.
vectors of the Retro Replay cartridge.
The only way to beat this freezer is to disable IRQs with the SEI command,
 
and to assert the NMI line with the CIA chip, not telling it to release the
Even if the
NMI line (NMI is edge-triggered, not level-triggered!). Since nearly no
program runs totally without IRQs, the Retro Replay can be considered as the
"unbeatable freezer" that has been described in one of the "C=Hacking" mags
(although the hardware-description in that article is totally bullshit, no
serious Freezer module has ever used the UltiMax mode of the 64). Even if the
IRQ is served "late" - the CPU supervision circuit is patient. It can wait
IRQ is served "late" - the CPU supervision circuit is patient. It can wait
forever, and let the computer run without affecting the memory map. If the
forever, and let the computer run without affecting the memory map. If the
Line 84: Line 117:
The FreezeDone Flipflop is reset by setting bit 6 of the $de00 register,
The FreezeDone Flipflop is reset by setting bit 6 of the $de00 register,
activating the standard memory map of the cartridge.
activating the standard memory map of the cartridge.
 
}}
 
Registers
--------- 
The Retro Replay has three registers: Two write-only and one read-only
register:
$de00 write: This register is reset to $00 on a hard reset if not in flash
            mode. If in flash mode, it is set to $02 in order to prevent the
            computer from starting the normal cartridge. Flash mode is
            selected with a jumper.
            Bit 0 controls the GAME line: A 1 asserts the line, a 0 will
            deassert it.
            Bit 1 controls the EXROM line: A 0 will assert it, a 1 will
            deassert it.
            Writing a 1 to bit 2 will disable further write accesses to all
            registers of Retro Replay, and set the memory map of the C-64
            to standard, as if there is no cartridge installed at all.
            Bit 3 controls bank-address 13 for ROM and RAM banking
            Bit 4 controls bank-address 14 for ROM and RAM banking
            Bit 5 switches between ROM and RAM: 0=ROM, 1=RAM
            Bit 6 must be written once to "1" after a successful freeze in
                  order to set the correct memory map and enable Bits 0 and 1
                  of this register. Otherwise no effect.
            Bit 7 controls bank-address 15 for ROM banking
 
$de01 write: Extended control register. If not in Flash mode, bits 1, 2 and 6
            can only be written once. If in Flash mode, the REUcomp bit
            cannot be set, but the register will not be disabled by the
            first write. Bit 5 is always set to 0 if not in flash mode.
            Bit 0: enable accessory connector. See further down.
            Bit 1: AllowBank  (1 allows banking of RAM in $df00/$de02 area)
            Bit 2: NoFreeze  (1 disables Freeze function)
            Bit 3: bank-address 13 for RAM and ROM (mirror of $de00)
            Bit 4: bank-address 14 for RAM and ROM (mirror of $de00)
            Bit 5: bank-address 16 for ROM (only in flash mode)
            Bit 6: REU compatibility bit. 0=standard memory map
                                          1=REU compatible memory map
            Bit 7: bank-address 15 for ROM (mirror of $de00)
 
$de00 read or $de01 read:
            Bit 0: 1=Flashmode active (jumper set)
            Bit 1: feedback of AllowBank bit
            Bit 2: 1=Freeze button pressed
            Bit 3: feedback of banking bit 13
            Bit 4: feedback of banking bit 14
            Bit 5: feedback of banking bit 16
            Bit 6: 1=REU compatible memory map active
            Bit 7: feedback of banking bit 15
 
Memory maps
-----------
 
standard:
$de00 and $de01 registers are active, $df00-$dfff contain the last page of
the selected 8K-bank of either ROM or RAM, whatever is selected. RAM can only
be accessed in $8000-$9fff. ROM can be mapped to $8000, $a000 or $e000 with
the corresponding status on GAME and EXROM.
Note: If the AllowBank bit is not set, the $df00-$dfff area will always
access bank 0 of the RAM, so the older cartridge images will work. The
AllowBank bit does not have any effect on the ROM mirror in that area.
 
Freeze:
ROM is mapped to $e000-$ffff, bank 0 is active directly after Freeze. Writing
to bits 0 and 1 of the $de00 register will have no effect on GAME and EXROM.
RAM can be selected and used in $df00 or $de02, respectively, but not in
$8000. Banking bits work, so you have full read access to the ROM, and access
to up to four RAM pages with the AllowBank bit set (minus 2 bytes if REU
compatible bit is set). You should leave this memory map ASAP by setting bit
6 of $de00, because C-64 RAM in the $e000 area is not available, and you
don't have control of the GAME and EXROM lines.
 
REU compatible:
$de00 and $de01 registers are active, $de02-$deff contain a mirror of $9e02-
$9eff of the selected 8K-bank of either ROM or RAM, whatever is selected.
RAM can only be accessed in $8000-$9fff. ROM can be mapped to $8000, $a000
or $e000 with the corresponding status on GAME and EXROM. The $df00 stays
free for use with the 1764 Ram Expansion Unit (REU).
Note: If the AllowBank bit is not set, the $de02-$deff area will always
access bank 0 of the RAM, so the older cartridge images will work. The
AllowBank bit does not have any effect on the ROM mirror in that area.
 
 
Flashing the ROM
----------------
 
Retro Replay uses an AMD 29F010 1MBit Flash rom, organized as 128Kx8. If the
Flashmode jumper is not set, writing to the chip is disabled by hardware.
There is no possibility, no undocumented trick or anything else that lets
you write to the Flash. For Flashing, both jumpers must be set. If the
bank-select jumper is not set, you only have access to the upper 64K of the
Flash, which inhibits certain actions described below. It is recommended to
explain this on-screen before trying erase, sector-erase or write operations.
Further, you can try to use banking bit 16 and compare the contents of the
banks you are trying to select. You can display a warning if the contents are
identical, but this is not a proof for an unset jumper, so the user should be
able to override the warning.
All the information below can also be verified from the 29F010 final
datasheet, available on the AMD homepage (160K PDF document).
 
Note: For security reasons, the Freeze button is disabled when the Flashmode
jumper is set. Accidential freezing during a flash operation could destroy
data in banks you may not want to alter. The same applies to the Reset-button,
but that cannot be disabled.
 
Before runnig the following code segments, set bits 0 and 1 of the $de00
register. This will assert GAME and deassert EXROM, bringing the 8K-bank
of the Flash to $8000-$9fff for read and write accesses. This is necessary,
because the cartridge sets $de00 to $02 with the Flashmode jumper set. This
results in a "38911 basic bytes free" message, which may be confusing,
because it shows that no cartridge is installed. Don't be afraid! The
$de00/01 registers are active, and this is only done in order to prevent the
computer to start a possibly garbled ROM. Ideal for development :-)
 
Read/Reset command:
 
LDA #$10
STA $de01  ;set bank
LDA #$aa
STA $9555  ;this is a write to $5555 of the chip
LDA #$08
STA $de01  ;set bank
LDA #$55
STA $8aaa  ;this is a write to $2aaa of the chip
LDA #$10
STA $de01  ;set bank
LDA #$f0
STA $9555  ;write $F0 to $5555
LDA #$xx
STA $de01  ;set bank you desire
LDA $xxxx  ;read address you desire
 
Autoselect command:
LDA #$10
STA $de01  ;set bank
LDA #$aa
STA $9555  ;this is a write to $5555 of the chip
LDA #$08
STA $de01  ;set bank
LDA #$55
STA $8aaa  ;this is a write to $2aaa of the chip
LDA #$10
STA $de01  ;set bank
LDA #$90
STA $9555  ;write $90 to $5555
LDA #$xx
STA $de01  ;set bank you wish to read status from (one of eigt)
LDA $8000  ;read manufacturer code ($01 for AMD)
;do something with the value just read
LDA $8001  ;read device code ($20 for 29F010)
;do something with the value just read
LDA $8002  ;read sector protect information in bit 0. 1=sector protected
;do something with the value just read
 
Note: Once in Autoselect mode, you can do as many reads from the sectors as
you want. Leaving this mode is only possible with the read/reset command, or
with power-down. Bringing the device into Autoselect mode and then resetting
the machine will let your Retro Replay appear as an empty cartridge. Nothing
to worry about, just power-cycle the computer, and you're back to normal.
 
Byte program:
LDA #$10
STA $de01  ;set bank
LDA #$aa
STA $9555  ;this is a write to $5555 of the chip
LDA #$08
STA $de01  ;set bank
LDA #$55
STA $8aaa  ;this is a write to $2aaa of the chip
LDA #$10
STA $de01  ;set bank
LDA #$a0
STA $9555  ;write $a0 to $5555
LDA #$xx
STA $de01  ;set bank you desire
LDA #$xx  ;content you wish to write
STA $xxxx  ;write to address you wish to write
 
Note: Programming means resetting bits from 1 to 0. Programming a 1 into a
bit that already contains a 0 is not possible. The 29F010 chip will give an
error condition in this case, which is not a chip failure - the user has made
the mistake! Consult the AMD document for this case.
 
The Chip Erase command should not be used, and is therefore not translated
to C-64 assembler in this document. You _can_ use it, but I don't recommend
it. Progam/erase cycles of the Flash memory are limited, and you usually only
alter one of the two 64K banks. The limits are pretty far: Given the 100.000
guaranteed program/erase cycles and an update frequency of "twice a day
including weekends, christmas and easter", we have a product life time of
more than 136 years. Pretty much for a computer product :-).
 
Sector erase:
LDA #$10
STA $de01  ;set bank
LDA #$aa
STA $9555  ;this is a write to $5555 of the chip
LDA #$08
STA $de01  ;set bank
LDA #$55
STA $8aaa  ;this is a write to $2aaa of the chip
LDA #$10
STA $de01  ;set bank
LDA #$80
STA $9555  ;write $80 to $5555
LDA #$10
STA $de01  ;set bank
LDA #$aa
STA $9555  ;this is a write to $5555 of the chip
LDA #$08
STA $de01  ;set bank
LDA #$55
STA $8aaa  ;this is a write to $2aaa of the chip
LDA #$xx
STA $de01  ;set sector you wish to erase
LDA #$30
STA $8000  ;erase the sector
;the following sequence is optional, called "multiple sector erase".
LDA #$xx
STA $de01  ;set another sector you wish to erase at the same time
LDA #$30
STA $8000  ;erase the sector
 
then timeout 80 microseconds, and do not access the chip during this period
(your code must be in the 64 memory for this). Then the sector erase
operation will start inside the chip.
After the 80 microsecond pause, start polling $8000 for the results of the
erase operation. For closer information on this, consult the 29F010
datasheet, the /DATA poll section, page 15. A sector erase may take up to 30
seconds, sometimes even longer, because the sector is programmed to $00 prior
to erase (an empty byte contains $ff). I'd suggest a timeout of 60 seconds
for a 16K sector.
 
Making flash memory version 29F010B work
----------------------------------------
The 29F010B is a drop-in replacement for the 29F010. However, the flash
utility V0.01 and V0.02 can only program the chips, but not erase them.
Due to internal AMD documents, the 29F010 tolerates some violations of the
command sequences, such as not terminating the autoselect command, and
sending another unlock sequence for multiple sector erase. The basic rule is:
 
Follow the AMD documentation word-by-word, terminate each and every command
with the read/reset command after successful execution, and use the status
given by the chip instead of static timeouts for program or erase operations.
 
If you need a copy of the changes document, send an eMail. It does not
contain any "confidential" information, and I did not have to sign NDA to
obtain the file, neither will you have to. It's just something that AMD does
not provide on their website publicly.
 
accessory connector
-------------------
The Retro Replay has an accessory connector that can carry Amiga 1200
hardware. The connector uses the spare_CS signal, not the RTC_CS signal.
This lets you use add-ons like the Silversurfer to add a serial port to the
C-64. The 16 registers of the clock-port are mapped to $de02-$de0f (lower two
registers not available!). The IRQ of that port is connected to the NMI line
of the 6510 processor.
 
The two missing bytes of the Spare_CS space in non-REU compatible mode will
be no problem, because the Silversurfer is mirrored over that area twice.
Just use $de08-$de0f for the eight registers of the 16c550 UART. I tend to
call this connector the "Silversurfer port", as it will not be able to carry
bigger expansions of the 1200.
 
Don't just "try" to connect other hardware, as most of the expansions will
not fit mechanically correct. Hypercom 3 for example (old model with direct
connection) would only fit the wrong way round, and this causes a short that
kills both, Hypercom and Retro Replay. Of course, there is no warranty for
this case!
 
Hints
-----
All jumpers of the Retro Replay are hot-pluggable. Hot-plugging means you
don't have to switch the computer off to change the jumper setting. There is
one thing that you may need this for: After writing to $de01 once, bits 1,2
and 6 are blocked for further writes. If you set and reset the Flashmode
jumper during a session, one more write to the $de01 register including
bits 1,2 and 6 is allowed without having to reset the whole computer. It
will not really make sense for the user, but it may be interesting for
developers.
 
With Bit 2 in $de01 set, the freeze function is disabled. However, the state
of the freeze button can still be read in bit 2 of the $de00 or $de01 read
register. This could be used as an additional key, a hidden-key or whatever
you want to use it for.
 
</pre>


[[Category:Retro_Replay_Hardware]]
[[Category:Retro_Replay_Hardware]]
[[Category:Retro_Replay_Software]]
[[Category:Retro_Replay_Software]]

Revision as of 22:14, 17 March 2010

Inside_Replay_Essentials.txt is a rewritten version of the original documentation and is used during development of the RR ROM (enduser edition) only. The FlashMode e.g. is not described at all. Side effects are explained nevertheless. 


This document explains in short the register setup of the Retro Replay original
cartridge in non-flash mode. Since other ROM banking setups rather than the ones
we use as an "environment" for the RR code are possible the document may lack or
appear biased. Please comment!

The entry to the ROM is the bank 0 reset vector ($8000 -> CBM80) just like on AR
hardware. (TODO: Check Atomic and Nordic out of curiosity)
On RR hardware we _SHOULD_ initialise Bit 1, 2 and 6 of $DE01 to enable
the REU compatible memory mode, keep the freeze button working and disallow banking
of cart RAM other than from bank 0.

As a result any clone hardware emulating AR and RR hardware "seperately" in some
way should by default select to enable any accessory connector and of course the
REU compatible memory map. Clone devices such as the 1541u may choose to "ignore"
write accesses $de01 rendering it to a non-register effectively.
We hereby swear we will not use $de01 for setting reading back the current ROM bank!
(Note: $de01 is currently used for SilverSurfer detection but that needs fixing anyhow.)

Therefore $de01 can safely be ignored on hardware implementations of the register
setup as described below.

Of course any address on the IO1 page at $deXX not being used by the control
registers of either the cartridge, SilverSurfer or RR-Net needs to map to the
internal cartridge RAM - not to the C64 RAM. This should be obvious though.

All of the above will additionally allow distinguishing between real RR hardware
and clones since simply reading back our initialisation value from startup from
RAM bank 0 of the cartridge should reveal wether the $de01 register is available
or not.

There are side effects of course: Dropping the "AllowBank" bit on clone hardware
adds a little incompatibility but at least the RR team never found it to be a useful
feature. (Check with Graham required)
RAM AllowBank usage would fragment RAM on banks 2 and above and in regards of using
it continously for e.g. storing source codes and alike it would be a bad idea to use.



This leaves us with just one register at $de00 set to $00 on reset/powerup
which works like this on WRITE:

bit 7 - ROM bank selector (A15)
bit 6 - Restores memory map after freeze, GAME and EXROM "reset"
      - no function when not in freeze mode
bit 5 - 0 = ROM and 1 = RAM
bit 4 - ROM bank selector (A14)
bit 3 - ROM bank selector (A13)
bit 2 - 1 = cartridge kill
bit 1 - 1 = /EXROM high  (0 = "assert" and 1 = "de-assert")
bit 0 - 1 = /GAME  low   (1 = "assert" and 0 = "de-assert")


Reading $de00 should result in:
bit 7 - ROM bank selector (A15)
bit 6 - initialised with 1 by RR software (REU compat memory map)
      - clones should always return 1
bit 5 - 0 since no flash 
      - clones should always return 1
bit 4 - ROM bank selector (A14)
bit 3 - ROM bank selector (A13)
bit 2 - 1 when freeze button is pressed and 0 otherwise
bit 1 - initialised with 0 by RR software (AllowBank)
      - clones should always return 0
bit 0 - 0 = no flash


List me: ROM can be mapped to $8000, $a000 or $e000 with the corresponding
status on GAME and EXROM.

On freeze bank 0 is activated at $e000 so the NMI of bank 0 is leading the
freeze code further. Make sure to pass by the return code which on current
RR needs to be aligned to a kernel RTS. :)

During freeze mode the RR hardware is keeping control over GAME and EXROM and
ignores any write accesses until bit 6 is set. On setting bit 6 of $de00 the
standard memory map will instantly be restored and GAME/EXROM can be used again.

Freeze mode allows ROM banks to be mapped by $de00 as before but of course they
are mapped to $e000. RAM can only be on the free IO1 area. 



Last words for the easy minded - the ultimate weapon against a freezer is the
perfectly aligned stack pointer! :)
Code cannot be frozen properly whenever the stack does not at least have XXX
(TODO: add numbers from several carts here) bytes left for storing stuff during
the switch from Ultimax to sanity.


Please ignore the text below - need it for some testing:

The Freezer is essentially made up of two RS-Flipflops, as with all freezer- cartridges. However, the Retro Replay has much more sophisticated conditions for setting and resetting them. Let's call the two Flipflops "Freeze Pending" and "Freeze done". Both are reset on a hardware reset. Holding the Freeze button down for more than two microseconds and then releasing it will set the "Freeze Pending" Flipflop. At the same time, the IRQ and NMI lines are asserted, and the CPU supervision logic is started: This logic waits for the CPU to do the necessary write-accesses to stack: Before the 6510 serves an IRQ or an NMI, the program pointer and the processor status are saved on the stack ($0100 to $01ff). These three consecutive write cycles give a clear indication that the CPU will fetch the IRQ/NMI vector in the next cycle, so this is the set-condition for the "Freeze Done" Flipflop. Setting FreezeDone resets FreezePending, and disables the Freeze button. Further, the "Freeze" memory map is set, replacing the original C-64 Kernal IRQ/NMI with the vectors of the Retro Replay cartridge.

Even if the IRQ is served "late" - the CPU supervision circuit is patient. It can wait forever, and let the computer run without affecting the memory map. If the program you are trying to freeze has disabled all IRQs and NMIs, the Freeze button will simply have no effect. The FreezeDone Flipflop is reset by setting bit 6 of the $de00 register, activating the standard memory map of the cartridge.

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